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工(gong)業(ye)洗(xi)衣(yi)機上用的KZF-02正反轉(zhuan)控(kong)制(zhi)器原理解析

380V高壓經變壓器(qi)變為(wei)36V，經R1限(xian)流到Ic1的(de)時鐘輸入端，輸人(ren)時鐘頻率為(wei)50Hz。IC1為(wei)12位二進制計(ji)數／分(fen)(fen)頻器(qi)，圖中D1、D2組成(cheng)的(de)與(yu)門電路構成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)頻系數分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)2的(de)10次(ci)方(fang)+2的(de)8次(ci)方(fang)=1280和2的(de)10次(ci)方(fang)++2的(de)9次(ci)方(fang)=1536。IC2接成(cheng)雙D型觸發器(qi)。  

    開(kai)機時(shi)，+5．6V經c1、R2充電，IC2復位(wei)，則Q1=Q2=1，二(er)極管V4飽和導通(tong)，K2吸(xi)合，洗衣(yi)機反轉；同時(shi)由(you)于Q2=1，使IC1清零，由(you)于Q2=1，使S2=1，則觸發(fa)器置1，故Q2=0，此時(shi)開(kai)始正常(chang)計數。  

    當第1280個(ge)脈沖到來(lai)時(shi)，按Q1作(zuo)最(zui)低位(wei)(wei)，Q12作(zuo)最(zui)高位(wei)(wei)將1280展開成二(er)進制數為(wei)“10100000000”，即Q11=Q9=1．Q10=0。一方(fang)面由(you)于D1的鉗(qian)位(wei)(wei)作(zuo)用，IC2b觸發器狀(zhuang)態不變，IC1保持(chi)正(zheng)常計(ji)數，另一方(fang)面，網CP1為(wei)1，則IC2a觸發器翻轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，但同時(shi)因(yin)(yin)V2基(ji)(ji)極得(de)電而導通，鉗(qian)位(wei)(wei)V3、v4的基(ji)(ji)極，使v3、V4截(jie)(jie)(jie)止(zhi)，電機(ji)(ji)停轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。當第1532個(ge)脈沖到來(lai)時(shi)(將1532按二(er)進制數展開為(wei)11000000000)，Q11=Q10=1，Q9=0，IC2b的時(shi)鐘端CP2=1，困D2=0，故Q2=1使IC1重(zhong)新計(ji)數。同時(shi)因(yin)(yin)D2的鉗(qian)位(wei)(wei)作(zuo)用，V2截(jie)(jie)(jie)止(zhi)；使得(de)v3、v4基(ji)(ji)極退出鉗(qian)位(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)態，由(you)IC2a觸發器的狀(zhuang)態決定V3、V4導通或截(jie)(jie)(jie)止(zhi)，當v3為(wei)通，V4截(jie)(jie)(jie)止(zhi)時(shi)，K1吸(xi)合，電機(ji)(ji)正(zheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)；V3截(jie)(jie)(jie)止(zhi)，V4導通時(shi)，K2吸(xi)合，電機(ji)(ji)反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，如(ru)此循(xun)環。

    1280和(he)1536個(ge)脈沖(chong)對應的時鐘周期(qi)為(脈沖(chong)數除以50)25.60s及30.72s，故此正反轉(zhuan)控制(zhi)器反轉(zhuan)25．60秒，停(ting)5．12秒，正轉(zhuan)25.60秒，與銘牌標注一(yi)致。 

萬用表檢查法

萬用表是檢修賓館用工業洗滌機械(xie)的必備(bei)儀(yi)表，用它可直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀、準確(que)地(di)確(que)定故障點。萬用表可以用來(lai)測(ce)量直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)壓、交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)壓、直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)、直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)等參數(shu)，在賓館用工業洗滌機械(xie)的檢查中，常用萬用表檢測(ce)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)壓和測(ce)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)。

用(yong)(yong)(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)表的(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)擋(dang)(dang)可(ke)(ke)檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)否正(zheng)常，如低到380V以下(xia)(xia)，賓(bin)館用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)業(ye)洗(xi)滌(di)機(ji)械(xie)便不能正(zheng)常工(gong)作。在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，通過測量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)兩端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，可(ke)(ke)以判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)有無斷路故障。對于(yu)大多數無交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流測量(liang)(liang)功能的(de)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)表，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)擋(dang)(dang)間接(jie)測賓(bin)館用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)業(ye)洗(xi)滌(di)機(ji)械(xie)工(gong)作時的(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。其方法(fa)是(shi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)一只(zhi)阻值(zhi)R小(xiao)于(yu)等(deng)于(yu)10歐姆(mu)、功率在(zai)3W以上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻與賓(bin)館用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)業(ye)洗(xi)滌(di)機(ji)械(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)串聯，通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后測該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻兩端(duan)的(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，根(gen)據(ju)歐姆(mu)定律便可(ke)(ke)檢測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)否正(zheng)常